On November 26, 2008, Mumbai was shivers by one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in India’s history. Ten militants from the Pakistan-based group Lashkar-e-Taiba carried out 12 coordinated shootings and bombings across the city over four days.
The attacks targeted hotels, a railway station, a hospital, and other high-profile locations, claiming the lives of 166 people and leaving over 300 injured.
Security forces acted swiftly to contain the attacks. The Mumbai Police, Marine Commandos (MARCOS), and National Security Guard (NSG) commandos launched 'Operation Black Tornado' to neutralize the terrorists and rescue hostages.
Several brave officers lost their lives in the operation, including Mumbai Anti-Terrorist Squad Chief Hemant Karkare, Additional Commissioner Ashok Kamte, encounter specialist Vijay Salaskar, and NSG Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan. Assistant Sub-Inspector Tukaram Ombale also died while capturing the sole surviving attacker, Ajmal Kasab.
Ajmal Kasab was the only militant to survive and was later arrested, tried, and executed in 2012. Investigations revealed that the attacks were planned and directed from Pakistan. Key conspirators, such as David Headley, who conducted reconnaissance, and Tahawwur Rana, were arrested and faced legal action abroad. Rana was extradited to India in April 2025 to face charges related to the attacks.
The 26/11 attacks prompted significant reforms in India’s counter-terrorism framework. The government created the National Investigation Agency (NIA) and established permanent NSG hubs in major cities, to improve preparedness and response against terrorist threats. These measures aim to prevent such tragedies and ensure quicker action in emergencies.
Today, the 26/11 attacks are a stark reminder of India’s zero-tolerance policy against terrorism. While the country continues to strengthen its security framework, the bravery of those who fought to save lives in Mumbai serves as an enduring example for everyone.