Pune: A surge in cases of the rare Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) in Pune has raised concerns, with daily cases showing a steady increase. Testing conducted by the National Institute of Virology (NIV) has identified Campylobacter jejuni bacterium and norovirus as the primary causes of this condition.
According to NIV, these pathogens are spreading through contaminated food and water. The infections primarily attack the nervous system, leading to a compromised immune system.
Blood sample testing from affected patients revealed that some were infected with Campylobacter jejuni, while others had norovirus. Both infections present symptoms such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea before progressing to GBS.
How the Disease Progresses
Following infection, the pathogens initially attack the nervous system. Symptoms typically appear 1 to 3 weeks after infection and may include weakness in the hands, legs, neck, and facial muscles, along with tingling, numbness, or paralysis in the limbs.
Severe cases may cause breathing difficulties and trouble swallowing. Treatment options include intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange, which have proven effective in aiding recovery.
Details on Norovirus-Related Cases
In certain GBS cases, norovirus infection was detected. This virus spreads quickly, especially when an infected person vomits, releasing viral particles into the air. While most patients recover within 1 to 3 days, some may develop complications that lead to Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Impact of Campylobacter jejuni
The Campylobacter jejuni bacterium primarily spreads through contaminated water or food. Children under the age of 5 are particularly vulnerable to this infection. Although most infections resolve within 2 to 5 days, a few cases can progress to Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Rising Concerns and Preventive Measures
As cases of GBS continue to rise in Pune, healthcare authorities are urging residents to ensure the cleanliness of food and water. Early diagnosis and timely treatment remain critical in managing the symptoms and preventing complications of Guillain-Barre Syndrome.